Focus

Mar. 5th, 2019 11:22 am
emptymanuscript: Preschool Handwriting Paper with three lines visible. In cursive script on the top line are the words "One Upon a Time" while on the bottom line are the words, "The Hero Dies." In block script, on the middle line, it reads, "The Empty Manuscript." (Default)
Let’s talk about focus.

I’ve met a fair number of people in my time who are just trying to do too much. They’re working on an idea that they want to be a book and a movie and who knows what else because it is so amazing. And all they want is just a little help with this magnificent idea they have from other people who get it.

There is some variance in this. While there is the obnoxious easily recognizable neophyte whose definition of “get it” is amazement at its perfection plus some tiny idea they can steal as their own to make it pop even more. There is also the person who exudes a bit more experience, really does want to work, but still doesn’t understand that getting and doing everything isn’t the way it works.

An idea is not the same as a story. A story is not the same as a book. A book is not the same as a script. A script is not the same as a movie deal. These and so many other steps in the process are individual endeavors. And if you try to do them all at once, none of them will turn out any good.

To borrow from what I hope is relatively common experience, it’s like studying for the SATs. While your final score is given to you as a lump sum, when you’re getting ready for it, you don’t study in a lump, going randomly back and forth between problems of different types. I remember when I was in Kaplan, which at the time was the biggest study prep institution, there were actually separate classes for the Math and English portions. Most of us had signed up for both, one right after the other, but you had one hour devoted to each and only that particular one.

This is the same thing. You work on one thing at a time because a large portion of the execution is fundamentally different. If you try to do an English problem like a Math problem you’re probably going to mess up. And it’s going to be worse if you try to do a Math problem like an English problem.

So let’s start with your about. It’s about an X who Y’s. It’s about a teenager who has cancer. It’s about an underfunded gentlewoman who needs a wealthy husband. It’s about an alien who tries to blend in as a human. Do you want it to be a book or a movie?

Why does it matter? Because your development approach is nearly exactly opposite. The cliché is, “The Same BUT Different.” You need both.

But film development emphasizes the first, sameness, because it’s fundamental goal is reaching as large an audience as possible. Breadth is what makes producers the most money. If a thousand people see it and say, “eh,” that makes more profit than if a hundred people see it and adore it for the rest of their lives. This is because of how Hollywood has arranged its business model. They get the most money per movie in the first two weeks. As time progresses, the studio gets a smaller percentage of the profit. So what they’re looking for is something that can appeal to the greatest number of people with the least amount of effort in a great initial push. That means complexity and depth are low concerns. If a fan says to a friend two years later, “This movie changed my life, you should watch it,” it’s too late.

Book development emphasizes the second, difference, because it’s fundamental goal is reaching an eternal audience. Yes, large initial sales are important, but if that same fan says to another friend twenty years later, “This book changed my life, you should read it,” relatively close to the same amount of money goes into the publisher’s coffers. They want breadth but they’re really looking for depth. They want something unique so the reading public has to get this book because they can’t get that experience anywhere else. The profit motive is based on the long haul not the short term. This is the real reason that ebooks are taking over. Because it means that perennial best sellers can be kept eternally in stock at almost no cost but people are buying them in the same numbers, leading to greater profits.

So you’ve got your starter idea. It’s about a teenage alien that tries to blend in with humans as they die from space cancer. How do you want to develop it? Do you want a movie? Do you want a book? If it’s a movie, then you’re trying to hit all the standard emotional tropes of this idea. You want someone to look at that idea and know 100% what they’re going to get. If it’s a book, then you’re trying to twist it into something unexpected yet inevitable, the reader should be pleasantly surprised by what they’re going to get. These are not compatible goals.

Ok, you really REALLY want both. You pick one to start. Hollywood and New York do have a symbiotic relationship. Movies that Hollywood thinks are going to be blockbusters do get book tie ins. There is, unfortunately, a decent chance you will not be asked to write the book version of your movie. It goes the other way, too. New York sells Hollywood its best successes to be made into movies. There is, unfortunately, a near certainty that you will not be asked to write the movie version of your book. There are exceptions, it does happen, but they are rare. One of the things to remember in these situations is that you are playing the numbers. And while you do have to be a little deluded just to move forward, it is worth keeping in mind that there is diminishing chance of returns for ever greater effort. Only about 2% of books are profitable. Only about that same percentage of profitable books get picked up for movies. Only about that same percentage of arrangements has the same writer for both projects. So, to give the benefit of the doubt, that’s somewhere on the order of a thousandth of a percent chance. It’s not zero. But it’s not a good business model.

So, pick the one that’s more important to you. If you really want to write a book, write a book and play the much better odds that you can get someone else to make it into a movie. If you really want to make a movie, write a script and play the much better odds that you can get someone else to make it into a book. If you’re very lucky, that someone else will also be you but you have to have that fist element first. And whichever one you pick is going to be years of work. So pick right and concentrate. The other choice is going to be a distraction.
emptymanuscript: Preschool Handwriting Paper with three lines visible. In cursive script on the top line are the words "One Upon a Time" while on the bottom line are the words, "The Hero Dies." In block script, on the middle line, it reads, "The Empty Manuscript." (Default)


Really good video about how premise interacts with characterization.
emptymanuscript: Preschool Handwriting Paper with three lines visible. In cursive script on the top line are the words "One Upon a Time" while on the bottom line are the words, "The Hero Dies." In block script, on the middle line, it reads, "The Empty Manuscript." (Default)

This is from the article Twenty-Five Useful Thinking Tools. Which is a pretty cool article. But this in particular strikes me as a fantastic illustration of how the art of story works. Even with nonfiction, we pare and organize into straight emotionally logical paths. What allows our creativity to thrive are the forms we have to stick to in order to make it FEEL real rather than to report reality as the chaotic mess it is.
emptymanuscript: Preschool Handwriting Paper with three lines visible. In cursive script on the top line are the words "One Upon a Time" while on the bottom line are the words, "The Hero Dies." In block script, on the middle line, it reads, "The Empty Manuscript." (Default)
It’s very simple: in order to write stories like the ones that move you, you need to look at the stories that affect you and figure out what those authors and filmmakers are doing to get the effect they do. So you are going to be making a lot of lists: lists of your favorite movies, lists of your favorite hero/ines, lists of your favorite endings, lists of the most suspenseful stories you have ever seen or read.

Sokoloff, Alexandra. Story Structure Basics: How to write better books by learning from the movies (Screenwriting Tricks For Authors (and Screenwriters!) Book 1) (Kindle Locations 184-187). Kindle Edition.
emptymanuscript: Preschool Handwriting Paper with three lines visible. In cursive script on the top line are the words "One Upon a Time" while on the bottom line are the words, "The Hero Dies." In block script, on the middle line, it reads, "The Empty Manuscript." (Default)
So, for those who don't know me, I'm something of a devotee of Orson Scott Card's writing advice. Whatever you think of his politics (and I've had to grit my teeth two feet from him so don't talk to me about it), he knows his stuff about writing. One of his best pieces of advice are three observations that cover about 90% of writing critique.

I don't understand what is written here.

I don't believe what is written here.

I don't care about what is written here.


You can phrase them any way you want. He actually termed them, "Huh?" "Oh, yeah," and "So what." I tend to say about five sentences when one would do. That's personal style. But the three basic observations will handle most problems. Pretty much all small scale problems and a suprising number of large scale problems.

As an example, what I'm working on now is a series of rewrites based around a scene that reveals a criminal secret as part of a character's past. I need his past to come out, that's kind of the central conflict of the book. But my wife, an exceptionally good content editor, just kept shaking her head. It wasn't working for her. And finally she just went with the basic, "I don't buy it. He's spent nearly twenty years covering this stuff up and it takes one page of dialogue for him to give it up. No. What you've set up, leads me to believe he would never tell." Which gives me, as the writer, everything I need to work out what I need to change.

Part of the duty of the writer is to interpret critique. To take the huhs and nahs and figure out how to apply (or not apply!) them to your story. With her identification of exactly what she doesn't believe: that my main character would not reveal a crime he spent a lifetime covering up, I can interpret that to change, ok, don't have HIM reveal it. I have other ways to reveal this crime. I can also change his reasoning for why he does the things he does, instead of trying to reveal, he can give information that is designed to cover up instead. And then it can backfire or whatever. It just has to be clear from him that he is trying to stymie the investigation rather than aid it.

And honestly, I'm not kidding, that's about it. 90% of the problems I have and the problems I see in the writing of others fall into one of those three categories. So, if you are ever at a loss for what to say or look for in a piece you're editing - or what to ask beta readers for - try the three critiques.
emptymanuscript: Preschool Handwriting Paper with three lines visible. In cursive script on the top line are the words "One Upon a Time" while on the bottom line are the words, "The Hero Dies." In block script, on the middle line, it reads, "The Empty Manuscript." (Default)
1) Look, your MC’s significant other is an important character. As an important character, you want to give them the major character treatment probably even if they aren’t a major character. Which means you want to stretch their spine. Stretching a spine comes from Blake Snyder, don’t hate me. The spine of a character is the change arc they go through. To stretch the spine you exaggerate the difference between how a character is at the beginning of their journey and how they are at the end. A drug using hooker who ends up the next Mother Theresa is a character with a very stretched spine. You don't have to do anything so extreme. But you do want at least one major trait of any major character that pretty much reverses over the course of a story. This isn't giving them a flaw. This is giving them something fundamental about themselves to change because they won't be fulfilled otherwise.

2) Speaking of fulfillment, every character is out to fulfill themselves. Take Belle from Beauty and The Beast as an example. Belle is not in that story to fix the Beast. Yes, that's what people want from her. It's part of Beast’s explicit goals. And she does "fix" him. But at no point is that one of her goals. It's literally never a goal for her. She has her own goals and needs and she spends every scene trying to fulfill those for herself. No amount of flaws or spine stretching would fix her trying to make someone else's goals come to fruition. A character worth reading about is a character with their own ambitions, needs, and drives. You cannot have a 3D character without them. In every single scene they appear in, they are Allowed to help someone else meet their goals, but they MUST be pursuing their own goals. Such things can overlap in stories where one character is trying to change another to be more like what they want, it works at first because they both want to change, until conflict emerges because it becomes clear that the change each wants is different from the other. That's just one example of conflict. You can do anything. But you need Conflict, it's the engine of story and it comes from goals that don't align. The more the goals conflict, the more interesting the story and the characters are to read. The less they conflict, the less power any of it has.

3) Speaking of power, there's the power to effect the emotions of the reader. Do you know any perfect people? I don't. I'm certainly not one myself. So give me even an extremely good person and I'm not going to identify with them. People like to see heroes. They like to see them get built up, knocked down, and see them rise again. It's a thing. But you're watching that, not feeling it. You feel it when it is someone like you or someone close to you. When you IDENTIFY with the character. Identification can be caused by aspiration. I want to be like them. But more often it is the recognition that I am like them. And it's the little flaws and foibles and human frustrations that give that recognition. This is where flaws actually help. It's not to round the character out, it's to make them feel like they could be us. And at some level, most major characters need something like that. Not just any flaw but human flaws, reassurance that they are just like us and are going to do what we would do in these sorts of situations. Which isn't going to be the perfect response. Especially not the most perfectly giving response.

4) Relationships map both ways in fiction. A has a relationship with B. That's your main story. But B also has a relationship with A and while that may not be the main focus, to feel real, B has to be in that relationship just as much as A. Their wants, goals, needs, flaws, all of it have to be a real part. They cannot simply exist in A's relationships and be a fully formed character. If you really want to nail this down, tell the story from B’s point of view. If it doesn't work from their point of view, then the story can't really hold up when it is from A’s point of view either unless your audience is ok with sexy lamps. It must be plain that your MC is giving their significant other what they need or they won't be believable.

5) To sound like I'm contradicting myself, it's also a great idea to show what is draining them in the relationship. What makes them not want it? The real exposition of a 3D character happens in the meeting of their wants/needs/desires vs their fears/repulsions/baser instincts. Three Dimensionality comes in self conflict, in the moments where the character struggles against themselves about whether to change or not. Mostly they choose not to change but the struggle shows their arc and proves they're trying. The kiss of death comes to characters who have no internal or external conflict. They need somewhere they want to be and a reason they can't get there. A person who is good who wants to be good isn't a story because there is no struggle. There are no ideas to struggle with. A bad person who wants to be good works. A good person who wants to be bad works. A faithful spouse who doesn't think they can stand even one more transgression from their once lovable asshole works at the inevitable next screw up. It's the struggle itself that makes things work, not whether a character is good, bad, or indifferent.

(minimally adapted from this reddit thread)

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emptymanuscript: Preschool Handwriting Paper with three lines visible. In cursive script on the top line are the words "One Upon a Time" while on the bottom line are the words, "The Hero Dies." In block script, on the middle line, it reads, "The Empty Manuscript." (Default)
Eben Mishkin

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